© 2026 Nanjing Finechem Holdings Co., Ltd,
All Right Reserved
Chemical Name: Acetaldehyde
Synonyms: Ethanal, Acetic Aldehyde, Ethylaldehyde
CAS Number: 75-07-0
Molecular Formula: C2H4O
Molecular Weight: 44.05 g/mol
Recommended Use: Industrial chemical, intermediate in synthesis, laboratory reagent
Manufacturer: Chemical suppliers and industrial manufacturers
Emergency Phone: Refer to local regulatory authority or supplier
GHS Classification: Flammable liquid (Category 1), Acute Toxicity, Inhalation (Category 3), Skin Irritation (Category 2), Eye Irritation (Category 2A), Carcinogenicity (Category 2)
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Pictograms: Flame, Exclamation Mark, Health Hazard
Hazard Statements: Highly flammable liquid and vapor. Toxic if inhaled. Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation. Suspected of causing cancer.
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames, and hot surfaces. Avoid breathing vapors. Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. Wear protective clothing, gloves, and eye protection.
Chemical: Acetaldehyde
Concentration: Greater than 99%
Impurities: Trace amounts of water, acetic acid, and ethanol may be present depending on the source
Other Ingredients: Not applicable for pure substance
Inhalation: Move exposed person to fresh air. Keep warm and at rest. Seek medical attention if breathing difficulty or symptoms persist.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash skin gently with plenty of soap and water. If irritation develops, seek medical advice.
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses. Continue rinsing. Get medical attention immediately.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water. Do not induce vomiting. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Obtain immediate medical help.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide. Large fires can be tackled using water spray or fog.
Specific Hazards: Vapors form explosive mixtures with air. Flashback along vapor trail at remote locations is possible. Combustion can generate irritating or toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
Protective Equipment for Fire-Fighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective gear.
Special Procedures: Cool fire-exposed containers with water spray. Prevent runoff from entering drains and waterways.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area. Remove ignition sources. Ventilate area. Use personal protective equipment including gloves, protective clothing, and eye/face protection.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent material from entering drains, sewers, groundwater, or water courses.
Methods for Containment and Clean-Up: Use inert, non-combustible absorbent material (sand, earth, vermiculite). Collect and place in suitably labeled containers for disposal. Clean spill area thoroughly to remove contamination risks.
Precautions for Safe Handling: Handle in a chemical fume hood or well-ventilated area. Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flames. Use explosion-proof equipment. Avoid breathing vapors. Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling.
Conditions for Safe Storage: Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated facility separated from oxidizers, acids, and alkalies. Protect from direct sunlight and static electricity. Use approved flammable storage cabinets.
Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 200 ppm (Ceiling); ACGIH TLV: 25 ppm (TWA), 50 ppm (STEL)
Engineering Controls: Chemical fume hood or exhaust ventilation to keep vapor concentrations below exposure limits.
Personal Protective Equipment: Safety goggles or face shield, flame-resistant gloves, laboratory coat, and suitable respiratory protection (in case of insufficient ventilation or exposure above limits). Use explosion-proof electrical and mechanical equipment.
Appearance: Colorless liquid with pungent, fruity odor
Boiling Point: 20.2°C (68.4°F)
Melting Point: -123.5°C (-190.3°F)
Flash Point: -38°C (-36°F)
Flammability: Extremely flammable
Vapor Pressure: 740 mmHg at 20°C
Solubility: Miscible with water, ethanol, ether
Density: 0.78 g/cm3 at 20°C
Auto-Ignition Temperature: 175°C (347°F)
Odor Threshold: Detectable at concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm
Chemical Stability: Normally unstable, polymerizes in air.
Reactivity: Reacts strongly with oxidizing agents, acids, alkalis.
Hazardous Reactions: May polymerize violently in the presence of trace acids or bases. Forms peroxides upon prolonged air exposure.
Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, various organic acids.
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flames, sparks, direct sunlight, contamination by acid, alkali, or metal ions.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact.
Acute Effects: Irritation to mucous membranes, respiratory tract, eyes, skin. High vapor concentrations induce headache, dizziness, symptoms of intoxication, respiratory distress.
Chronic Effects: Possible carcinogen (Group 2B IARC). Long-term exposure may impair liver and kidney function, increase risk of respiratory tract cancers.
LD50 (Oral, Rat): 661 mg/kg
LC50 (Inhalation, Rat, 4h): 13300 mg/m3
Signs and Symptoms: Cough, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, vomiting, skin redness, eye pain.
Aquatic Toxicity: Toxic to aquatic life at high concentrations, fish LC50 (96h) 140 mg/L (Pimephales promelas)
Persistence and Degradability: Rapidly biodegradable in natural environments due to high volatility and photolytic breakdown.
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low, rapidly metabolized and eliminated in organisms.
Mobility in Soil: High, easily migrates through soil to water bodies.
Other Adverse Effects: Can contribute to ozone and smog formation in the atmosphere.
Waste Treatment Methods: Requires incineration at approved chemical waste disposal facilities under controlled conditions.
Disposal of Contaminated Packaging: Rinse containers and render non-hazardous before disposal. Follow federal, state, and local regulations.
Special Precautions: Never dispose of acetaldehyde in landfill, sewer, or surface waters. Avoid contact with strong oxidizers or reactive materials.
UN Number: UN1089
Proper Shipping Name: Acetaldehyde
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid)
Packing Group: I (Great danger)
Marine Pollutant: Not classified
Special Transport Precautions: Segregate from acids, oxidizers, air shipment only in specialized containers with pressure relief.
OSHA: Listed hazardous chemical
TSCA: Listed
SARA 313: Reportable toxic chemical
California Prop 65: Known to cause cancer
REACH Status: Registered/substance of very high concern (SVHC) in some jurisdictions
Chemical Inventory Listing: US TSCA, EU EINECS/ELINCS, Canada DSL/NDSL, Japan ENCS, Australia AICS, Korea ECL
Labeling Requirements: GHS-compliant hazard labeling required for all packaging and transport
