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Product Name: 4-Nitrophenol
Synonyms: p-Nitrophenol; para-Nitrophenol
Chemical Formula: C6H5NO3
Molecular Weight: 139.11 g/mol
CAS Number: 100-02-7
Recommended Use: Research, chemical synthesis, laboratory reagent
Supplier Information: Manufacturer’s physical address and contact details on file, with 24-hour emergency phone support for chemical accidents or exposures.
GHS Classification: Acute Toxicity Oral (Category 3), Skin Irritation (Category 2), Eye Irritation (Category 2A), Acute Toxicity Dermal (Category 4), Specific target organ toxicity – single exposure (Category 3)
Label Elements: Pictograms: Skull and crossbones, Exclamation mark
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Toxic if swallowed, causes skin and eye irritation, harmful if absorbed through skin, may cause respiratory irritation or drowsiness
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing dust or fumes, wash hands thoroughly after handling, wear protective gloves/eye protection/face protection, do not eat or drink when using this product, use only outdoors or in well-ventilated areas.
Substance: Single component chemical
Chemical Identity: 4-Nitrophenol
Concentration: 100%
CAS Number: 100-02-7
EINECS: 202-811-7
Impurities: Any impurities making up less than 1% and not contributing to classification can be disregarded; always refer to the lot certificate for trace-level contaminants.
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air, keep airway clear, seek immediate medical attention for breathing difficulties, provide oxygen by trained personnel if breathing remains labored or shallow.
Skin Contact: Immediately remove contaminated clothing, rinse the affected skin with plenty of water (shower if available) for at least 15 minutes, consult medical personnel if symptoms develop, wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
Eye Contact: Flush eyes gently under running water for at least 20 minutes holding eyelids apart, remove contact lenses if possible, get medical assessment promptly, persistent irritation needs further evaluation.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, call poison center or physician right away, keep person at rest while medical help arrives, never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Indications: Symptoms include respiratory distress, dizziness, cyanosis, headache, methemoglobinemia; physician should monitor and treat for hypoxia and systemic toxicity, consider methylene blue therapy for severe poisoning.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry powder, foam, carbon dioxide, water spray; avoid direct water jets as they can spread contamination.
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: High-pressure water streams may disperse material and spread risk.
Hazards from Combustion: Emits toxic fumes such as nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, phenolic compounds on burning; closed and poorly ventilated areas may present additional risk of fume inhalation.
Protection for Firefighters: Wear full protective gear, including self-contained breathing apparatus, chemical-resistant suit, and gloves; prevent contaminated runoff from entering drains or open groundwater.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area, avoid dust formation, ventilate space, restrict unprotected personnel, use personal protective equipment (Nitrile gloves, safety goggles, lab coat, particulate respirator).
Spill Clean-up: Collect spilled material with a vacuum equipped with a HEPA filter, avoid dry sweeping, use damp cloths for final residue, dispose of contaminated materials as hazardous waste.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into drains, watercourses, and soil, report releases to appropriate local authorities as required.
Decontamination: Wash spill area thoroughly with soap and water after all material has been removed.
Safe Handling: Work in fume hood or with adequate local exhaust, avoid skin, eye, and clothing contact, keep containers tightly closed, avoid generating dust; wash hands thoroughly after use.
Storage Conditions: Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area, should be away from incompatible substances like strong reducing agents and bases, keep container tightly sealed, clearly labeled.
Incompatibilities: Avoid exposure to strong oxidizers, strong alkalis, reducing substances; do not store with food, drinking water, or animal feedstuffs.
Special Requirements: Keep apart from incompatible materials and out of direct sunlight, use explosion-proof equipment if handling large quantities.
Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA, ACGIH, or country-specific limits may apply (ACGIH TLV: 0.1 mg/m³, skin notation)
Engineering Controls: Use chemical fume hood or local exhaust, keep airborne exposures below recommended thresholds, monitor ambient air for particulates.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Eye protection (goggles or face shield), gloves (nitrile, neoprene), lab coat or chemical-resistant apron, proper footwear, respiratory protection (NIOSH-approved respirator for dust or fumes if controls do not suffice).
Hygiene Measures: No eating, drinking, or smoking in work area, wash hands and face before breaks and after work, promptly remove and launder contaminated clothing.
Appearance: Pale yellow crystalline solid
Odor: Mild, phenolic
pH (1% solution): Approximately 5.5
Melting Point: 113-115°C
Boiling Point: 279°C
Solubility: Slightly soluble in cold water, more soluble in hot water, soluble in alcohol and ether
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at standard temperature
Density: 1.48 g/cm³
Flash Point: 161°C (closed cup)
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): 1.91
Autoignition Temperature: 540°C
Other Data: Light sensitive; stable under standard conditions
Chemical Stability: Stable at normal temperatures and pressures; degrades in strong light.
Reactivity: No dangerous reaction anticipated in storage and handling under recommended conditions.
Incompatible Materials: Avoid contact with reducing agents, alkali substances, strong bases, oxidizers—may trigger exothermic or hazardous reactions.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and phenolic byproducts on thermal decomposition or burning.
Polymerization: No risk under normal use.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, eye contact.
Acute Effects: Toxic if swallowed (possible methemoglobinemia, headache, dizziness, nausea, cyanosis), harmful by skin absorption, causes skin and eye irritation, irritates respiratory tract if inhaled.
Chronic Effects: May cause kidney and liver damage with prolonged or repeated exposure.
Target Organs: Blood, central nervous system, kidneys, liver
LD50 (oral, rat): ~60 mg/kg
Symptoms: Irritation, shortness of breath, confusion, blueish skin, delayed onset of severe symptoms possible.
Carcinogenicity: Not classifiable; not recognized as carcinogenic by IARC, NTP, or OSHA.
Other Data: Sensitization reactions possible after prolonged exposure; no unique reproductive hazard known but limited data available.
Aquatic Toxicity: Toxic to aquatic life, high hazard to fish and invertebrates (LC50 for fish: 0.13–3.3 mg/L).
Persistence and Degradability: Not readily biodegradable; environmental persistence possible, undergoes slow photolysis, some breakdown by microbial action in soil and water.
Bioaccumulation: Moderate potential (log Kow 1.91); environmental monitoring recommended.
Mobility in Soil: Moderately mobile, can leach into groundwater if significant spill reaches environment.
Other Harmful Effects: Even small releases can endanger aquatic organisms and alter ecosystem balance; never flush into surface waters, drains, or sewers.
Waste Treatment Methods: Dispose of as hazardous waste, incineration in chemical waste incinerator with afterburner and scrubber recommended.
Contaminated Packaging: Triple rinse containers, treat rinsate as hazardous waste, puncture and dispose of empty containers at licensed facility.
Disposal Precautions: Avoid release to environment, keep waste away from incompatible substances, document disposal according to local, state, federal, and international regulations.
Regulatory References: EPA RCRA hazardous waste code U196 may apply.
UN Number: UN 1663
Proper Shipping Name: Nitrophenols, solid
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substance)
Packing Group: II
Marine Pollutant: Yes, regulated as dangerous to aquatic environment
Labels Required: Toxic (with black/white diamond)
Special Precautions: Securely package to prevent dust release, transport only by trained individuals, immediate reporting if spills occur during transport.
US Regulations: Listed on TSCA Inventory, hazardous substance under CERCLA (reportable quantity: 100 lbs), subject to SARA Title III Section 313 Toxic Release Inventory reporting requirements.
EU Regulations: Listed on EINECS (202-811-7); hazard classifications assigned under EC regulation 1272/2008.
Canadian Regulations: DSL/NDSL listed, WHMIS classification D2A (very toxic material causing other toxic effects).
International Directives: Subject to restrictions under Rotterdam PIC Convention for export/import.
Additional Notes: Local health, safety, and environmental authorities may impose stricter rules for handling, disposal, or accidental release cleanup beyond the provisions of this document.
