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Chemical Name: 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone
Common Names: Diacetone alcohol
CAS Number: 123-42-2
Molecular Formula: C6H12O2
Molecular Weight: 116.16 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid with a mild odor
Odor: Faint, sweet, minty scent noticeable even at moderate concentration
Solubility: Mixes easily with water and many common organic solvents
GHS Classification: Causes serious eye irritation, may cause drowsiness or dizziness, flammable liquid and vapor
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Highly flammable, reacts to spark and open flame, possible central nervous system effects, can cause irritation to skin and mucous membranes if left on contact surfaces
Pictograms: Exclamation mark, flame
Main Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eye contact
Potential Health Effects: Short-term exposure can trigger coughing, dizziness, eye watering; direct skin exposure may cause redness or dryness; inhaling high concentration vapors can bring headache or nausea on rapidly
Substance: Pure 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone
Concentration: Over 99% by weight in most commercial supplies
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air, keep comfortable for breathing, seek a healthcare provider promptly if symptoms persist
Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least fifteen minutes, taking care to hold eyelids apart, consult with a medical professional if irritation sets in
Skin Contact: Wash skin with soap and water, remove contaminated clothing, moisturize if irritation shows up
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, avoid inducing vomiting, drink water to dilute, get medical advice right away, especially with persistent discomfort or pain
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, alcohol-resistant foam; water spray can cool surfaces, but large amounts might spread flammable liquid
Specific Hazards Arising from the Chemical: Vapors form explosive mixtures with air, may travel to ignition sources and flash back
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus
Special Procedures: Stay upwind, keep containers cool by spraying with water, block runoff from entering drains or open waterways
Personal Precautions: Ventilate the area, avoid breathing vapors, keep away from heat and ignition sources, put on appropriate protective gloves and goggles
Environmental Precautions: Keep spills out of sewers, drains, watercourses; collect any run-off using non-combustible absorbent such as sand or earth
Methods for Cleanup: Soak up liquid with inert absorbent, scoop up remaining liquid, pour into clearly labeled waste containers, dispose under local rules
Handling Precautions: Use spark-proof tools, ground and bond containers when pouring or transferring, take note of local ventilation in workspaces
Storage Recommendations: Store in tightly sealed containers, keep in a cool, well-ventilated spot away from sources of ignition, separate from oxidizing agents and acids
Other Concerns: Keep containers upright and secured, label clearly, never store near incompatible chemicals
Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA and ACGIH set recommended exposure limits, most sources list a threshold near 50 ppm for an eight-hour workday
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation, explosion-proof electrical installations, emergency eye-wash stations nearby
Personal Protection: Impermeable gloves, safety goggles, protective clothing for splash risk, approved respirator in poorly ventilated areas
General Hygiene: Do not eat, drink, or smoke while working with this material, wash hands after handling
Boiling Point: Around 166°C (330°F)
Melting Point: -47°C (-52.6°F)
Flash Point: 58°C (136°F)
Vapor Pressure: About 3.7 mmHg at 20°C
Vapor Density: Heavier than air
Density: 0.94 g/cm3 at 20°C
pH: Nearly neutral
Evaporation Rate: Slower compared with many other solvents in industrial use
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal use and handling if kept from heat and flame
Possible Hazardous Reactions: Reacts strongly with strong oxidizers and some acids, may form peroxides over long storage
Conditions to Avoid: Open flames, high temperatures, storing near incompatible chemicals
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, oxidizing agents
Hazardous Decomposition Products: At high temperature breakdown, you see carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sometimes formaldehyde
Likely Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin, eye, ingestion
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 in rats above 4000 mg/kg, relatively mild for mammals in accidental exposure
Skin/Eye Irritation: Moderately irritating to eyes, mild skin irritant
Chronic Effects: No clear evidence of cancer or genetic effects in animal studies, though high repeated exposure may promote liver or central nervous system effects
Symptoms of Overexposure: Drowsiness, headache, nausea, eye watering, dry or cracked skin with regular contact
Aquatic Toxicity: Not acutely toxic to fish or aquatic invertebrates at environmental concentrations
Persistence and Degradability: Degrades through biological processes, breaks down in soil and water with moderate speed
Bioaccumulation Potential: Low; not expected to build up in living organisms
Mobility in Soil: Moves through soil, can reach groundwater in large spills, but breaks down before long-distance travel
Waste Disposal: Dispose in line with federal, state, and local regulations; incineration recommended for larger amounts; do not pour in drains or natural water sources
Contaminated Packaging: Rinse containers with an appropriate solvent before recycling or disposal, follow local guidelines
UN Number: 1148
Proper Shipping Name: Diacetone alcohol
Hazard Class: Flammable liquid
Packing Group: III
Special Precautions: Keep containers upright and well-sealed, use appropriate placarding, avoid stowage near food or oxidizers in transit
Status Under TSCA: Registered for industrial, research, and commercial use in the US
OSHA Status: Subject to Hazard Communication Standard, must appear with hazard warnings on labels
SARA Title III: List as hazardous by OSHA, included under specific reporting requirements for spills above threshold reporting quantities
REACH Registration: Approved for use in Europe with guidelines for worker and environmental safety
