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Chemical Name: 4-Amino-3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenesulfonic Acid
Common Synonyms: AHNSA, Amido G Acid
Chemical Formula: C10H9NO4S
Appearance: Usually forms a reddish-brown powder
Odor: Typically odorless or faint chemical scent
Solubility: Moderately soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol
Use: Mainly serves in dye synthesis, especially for azo dyes
Physical Hazards: Powder can form dust, may pose risk in confined areas
Health Risks: Prolonged skin contact can cause irritation or allergic response, accidental inhalation of dust may lead to respiratory discomfort, ingestion often results in nausea or gastrointestinal upset
Environmental Hazard: Compound persists and disrupts aquatic life if released in large amounts
Hazard Symbols: Harmful by inhalation, possible irritant for skin and eyes
Main Ingredient: 4-Amino-3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenesulfonic Acid (over 97%)
Impurities: Unreacted naphthalene derivatives possible (in trace levels)
Structure: Contains amino, hydroxy, and sulfonic acid functional groups bound to a naphthalene ring
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air, seek medical advice if breathing troubles arise
Skin Contact: Wash skin thoroughly with soap and water, remove contaminated clothing
Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with water for at least fifteen minutes, consult an eye specialist if irritation remains
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth with water, seek medical help if symptoms occur
Flammability: Not considered highly flammable but may decompose at high temperatures
Suitable Extinguishing Agents: Use dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide for small fires, water spray for larger spills
Byproducts: Burning can produce hazardous gases like nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides
Protective Equipment: Firefighters need self-contained breathing apparatus and chemical-resistant clothing
Personal Precautions: Avoid direct contact with released powder or dust, use gloves and a mask
Environmental Steps: Prevent entry into drains and natural water sources, contain spill with inert absorbent material
Cleanup Method: Sweep carefully into a container for recycling or disposal, ventilate area well
Disposal: Store spill residues safely until professional waste handlers can process it
Handling: Always use local exhaust, minimize dust formation, avoid eating and drinking during use
Storage: Store in tightly closed containers, preferably in a cool, dry, well-ventilated room, keep away from acids or strong oxidizers
Separation: Do not store close to food or beverages, keep away from incompatible substances to avoid unwanted reactions
Engineering Controls: Use fume hoods and efficient air exchange systems
Respiratory Protection: Dust masks or respirators reduce risk from airborne particles
Skin Protection: Impermeable gloves and long-sleeve clothing shield from contact
Eye Protection: Safety goggles or face shields prevent accidental splashes
Hygiene: Wash hands after use, never enter eating areas without thorough cleaning
Physical Form: Crystalline powder or granules
Color: Reddish-brown
Odor: Negligible
Melting Point: Above 300°C
Water Solubility: Moderate
pH: Acidic in aqueous solutions
Other Notable Properties: Forms colored complexes and shows stability under normal room temperature
Chemical Stability: Remains stable under regular conditions, breaks down rapidly at high temperatures
Reactivity: Strong acids and bases can trigger decomposition or discoloration
Incompatibility: Avoid direct contact with oxidizing materials or strong reducers
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and possibly irritating organic fumes form on burning
Acute Exposure: Irritates skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; ingestion leads to nausea, abdominal cramps, or burning sensations
Chronic Exposure: Repeated exposure may sensitize skin or add to cumulative toxicity
Carcinogenicity: Naphthalene derivatives often show increased concern but specific links require more evidence
Routes of Entry: Most risk comes from inhalation of powders or direct skin contact; accidental eye splashes can cause lasting discomfort
Aquatic Toxicity: Dust or spills reaching natural water bodies harm aquatic organisms
Persistence: Degrades slowly, may linger in sediments
Bioaccumulation: Potential exists in aquatic food chains, especially where waste management falls short
Soil Impact: High concentrations disrupt soil microbial life and affect plant growth
Waste Management: Collect residues, avoid landfilling loose powder, always use sealed containers
Recycling: Some manufacturing residues can feed directly back into dye production, saving material and limiting waste
Destruction: Professional incineration remains the best path for unwanted or outdated stocks
Environmental Caution: Never dump into drains, open fields, or waterways
Transport Form: Usually packaged as dense powder in sealed, labeled containers
Precautions: Shield from physical damage, keep separate from food items
Labeling: Require clear hazard markings and instructions in transit
Handling Risks: Take steps to minimize dust or accidental spillage during loading and unloading
Domestic vs. International: Some countries classify these as hazardous cargo — best to check local regulations and prepare accordingly
Workplace Limits: Some regions list occupational exposure guidelines; where none exist, prudent hygiene and air monitoring close most gaps
Labeling Rules: Chemicals in this group fall under broader chemical hazard communication needs in most global regions
Import - Export Restrictions: Controls may apply, especially in case of shipment to sensitive environments or industrial areas
Environmental Laws: Clean Water and Clean Air Acts cover accidental releases and waste; the chemical industry increasingly invests in capture and recycling to keep fines low and public trust high
