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Chemical Name: 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane
Synonyms: γ-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, APTMS
Chemical Formula: C6H17NO3Si
CAS Number: 13822-56-5
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow transparent liquid, an amine odor that burns the nostrils
Recommended Uses: Surface treatment of glass, coupling agent in adhesives, silica modification
GHS Classification: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage, harmful if inhaled, dangerous if swallowed
Hazard Statements: Corrosive to skin, irreversible eye injury, respiratory tract irritation, risk of chemical pneumonitis after aspiration
Pictograms: Corrosive, exclamation mark for acute toxicity
Signal Word: Danger
Precautionary Measures: Immediate flushing with water for splashes, use of respirators in vapor-prone workspaces
Main Ingredient: 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane at high purity levels, usually upwards of 97%
Minor Impurities: Trace alcohols and siloxanes from manufacturing
Formulation Details: Single-component, flammable liquid, volatility increases under heat or agitation
Eye Contact: Rinse for at least 15 minutes, hold eyelids apart, seek specialist care
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash with soap and water thoroughly, get urgent medical help if blistering
Inhalation: Move to fresh air, assist breathing if needed, oxygen administration if symptoms persist
Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly, avoid inducing vomiting, head straight to a physician
Notes for Medical Staff: Chemical burns are possible; watch for delayed severe lung injury after inhalation exposure
Suitable Extinguishers: Dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide preferred for small fires
Hazards: Produces toxic nitrogen oxides, silicon oxides, and formaldehyde during combustion
Fire-Fighter Protection: Full gear with self-contained breathing apparatus essential to avoid inhaling products of combustion
Special Risks: Vapor accumulates in low areas, re-ignition risk where ventilation is poor
Personal Protective Equipment: Splash-proof goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, organic vapor respirator
Environmental Precautions: Avoid letting the product reach sewers or natural waterways
Cleanup Methods: Absorb on inert material, shovel into corrosion-resistant containers, ventilate the area
Preventative Actions: Evacuate unnecessary personnel, restrict unprotected access
Handling: Always use gloves, goggles, and protective clothing, keep away from incompatible substances like oxidizing agents or acids
Storage: Store in tightly sealed containers, dry, cool, and well-ventilated space, keep away from moisture and heat sources
Stability Tip: Exposure to air can form dangerous peroxides over time, regular checks for container integrity recommended
Segregation Matters: Never place with food, animal feed, or reactive chemicals in the same storage area
Engineering Controls: Use fume hoods or efficient local exhaust when transferring or measuring, keep air movement away from face
Personal Protection: Chemical splash goggles, heavy-duty gloves made of butyl rubber or nitrile, non-permeable aprons or coveralls
Respiratory Protection: Organic vapor cartridges if exposure exceeds limits
Workplace Practices: Regular hand and face washing, no eating or smoking in the workspace
Exposure Limits: No OSHA or ACGIH limits set for this chemical as of now, but common lab practices recommend minimizing all contact
Physical State: Liquid
Color: Colorless to light yellow
Odor: Ammonia-like
Melting Point: Around -70°C
Boiling Point: Approximately 194-196°C
Flash Point: About 88°C, closed cup
Solubility: Soluble in alcohols and organic solvents, decomposes in water with evolution of methanol
Vapor Pressure: 1 mmHg at 25°C
Density: 1.01–1.04 g/cm³ at 20°C
Viscosity: Low, comparable to water
Chemical Stability: Stable in dry air and sealed containers, rapid hydrolysis if exposed to moisture
Reactivity: Strong reaction with water releases heat and methanol, reacts with oxidizing chemicals, acids, bases, chlorinating agents
Hazardous Products: Siloxanes and formaldehyde may form during decomposition
Risk Factors: Considerable risk from prolonged or repeated contact with incompatible substances
Acute Toxicity: Harmful if swallowed or inhaled, corrosive to tissues of mouth, throat, digestive tract
Skin Effects: Can cause severe burns, persistent redness, itching, cracking
Eye Effects: Intense eye pain, risk of irreversible eye damage, blindness possible
Sensitization: Some users report skin or respiratory sensitization with repeated handling
Chronic Exposure: Repeated skin contact leads to dermatitis, uncontrolled dust inhalation can scar lung tissue
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to fish and aquatic invertebrates if released in large amounts
Degradability: Undergoes rapid hydrolysis, by-products include methanol and siloxanes
Bioaccumulation: Low potential, but released methanol can enter food chains
Practical Note: Even single accidental releases can alter the chemistry of waterways or soil
Waste Processing: Dispose of through licensed hazardous waste contractor, never down household drain or municipal waste paths
Container Handling: Rinse with solvent, puncture to prevent reuse, label as hazardous
Incineration: Only in licensed, pollution-controlled facilities
UN Number: UN2735
Proper Shipping Name: Amines, liquid, corrosive, n.o.s. (contains 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane)
Transport Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive)
Packing Group: II, signifying medium danger level
Label Requirements: Corrosive symbol, hazardous substances panel for international and local transport
Labelling: GHS and OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
Workplace Regulation: Listed in hazardous chemical inventories in North America, Europe, and parts of Asia
Restrictions: Use restricted in products with direct skin contact, like cosmetics or food packaging
Employer Obligations: Provide easy access to safety data, robust spill training, and annual health checks for workers exposed to aminopropylsilanes
