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Name: 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine Dihydrochloride
Common Use: Reagent in diagnostic tests, especially for detection of peroxidase activity
Appearance: Usually shows up as an off-white to pale yellow powder
Odor: Largely odorless
Chemical Formula: C16H20Cl2N2
Synonyms: TMB Dihydrochloride
Relevant Sectors: Laboratories, medical research, in vitro diagnostics
General Handling Note: Best kept away from non-lab settings to avoid unnecessary exposure
Stability Note: Sensitive to strong oxidizers and light; not meant for long-term storage in open conditions
Hazard Class: Irritant
Acute Effects: Can cause irritation in eyes, skin, and respiratory tract
Routes of Exposure: Skin, eye contact, inhalation, and accidental ingestion
Chronic Effects: Prolonged or repeated exposure raises concern for potential sensitization
Target Organs: Mucous membranes, skin, respiratory tract
Noted Symptoms: Redness, burning, coughing
Fire Risk: Not classified as flammable, but thermal decomposition can pose risk
Main Component: 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine Dihydrochloride (CAS 39594-94-8)
Purity Range: Usually delivered at a high level of purity for analytical use
Significant Impurities: No substantial impurities typically present in commercial grade
Nature of Additives: Generally additive-free in analytical grade products
Eye Contact: Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids to ensure irrigation. Seek medical attention for any persistent irritation.
Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing. Medical advice helps if skin irritation continues.
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air. Keep comfortable for breathing. Consult a healthcare provider if symptoms linger.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water if conscious. Avoid giving large amounts of fluid if person is drowsy or unconscious. Request medical evaluation for any concerning reaction.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide.
Hazardous Combustion Products: May release nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen chloride gas upon heating
Firefighter Protection: Firefighters need self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing
Explosion Risk: Product does not readily explode but avoids exposure to intense heat
Personal Precautions: Appropriate lab gloves and safety goggles are sensible choices for initial cleanup
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry of spilled material to drains and waterways
Cleanup: Collect with inert absorbent, place into a sealed container for disposal. Ventilate area well.
Spill Risk to Workers: Protect open cuts, avoid dust inhalation, and change gloves after cleanup
Handling: Use in a chemical fume hood if dust or aerosol generation is likely.
Hygiene Practices: Wash hands thoroughly after use. Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking around the compound.
Storage Conditions: Store tightly closed in a cool, dry, dark place. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight or moisture.
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, acids, and bases
Engineering Controls: Rely on good ventilation or a chemical hood
Eye Protection: Use certified safety goggles
Skin Protection: Nitrile or latex gloves work well for most lab tasks
Respiratory Protection: Use a dust mask or respirator if dust levels go above normal
Work Practices: Avoid generating airborne dust; clean spills quickly
Physical State: Solid powder
Color: Pale yellow to off-white
Odor: No discernible odor
Melting Point: Begins to decompose before true melting
Solubility: Soluble in water
Other Properties: Sensitive to light and air; decomposition colors may appear
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Hazardous Reactions: Contact with strong oxidizers can trigger hazardous reactions
Decomposition Products: Releases toxic fumes under fire or strong heat
Reactivity Note: Not prone to violent reactions in normal laboratory use
Acute Toxicity: Limited animal data; low to moderate toxicity predicted by analogy
Skin and Eye Irritation: Causes noticeable irritation symptoms
Sensitization: Indications exist that frequent exposure could increase allergic tendencies
Long-term Exposure: Extended handling without protection might risk health over time; always wise to consult up-to-date toxicological reviews
Aquatic Toxicity: Limited evidence for significant aquatic toxicity, though all laboratory reagents should be kept out of drains and water bodies
Environmental Persistence: Degrades slowly, raising potential concerns if released in large quantities
Bioaccumulation: Not expected to concentrate in living organisms significantly, but caution helps prevent unforeseen impacts
General Practice: Prevent uncontrolled release into environment
Disposal Method: Chemical waste incineration preferred for small amounts; always follow local, national, and institutional guidelines
Container Disposal: Rinse glassware or plasticware before reuse or disposal, then process according to local rules
Precaution: Do not pour surplus into sewer or ordinary trash
General Guidelines: Not listed as hazardous for transport in most regulatory systems, but best to use original, clearly marked containers
Handling Requirement: Protect from shocks, prevent moisture ingress
Labeling: Clear identification eliminates confusion or misplacement
Global Status: Not flagged as a regulated hazardous chemical in many jurisdictions, so regular laboratory controls apply
Workplace Restrictions: Many workplaces advise limiting exposure, maintaining up-to-date chemical inventories
Employee Training: Provide clear safety instructions for users, not just paper documentation
Hazard Communication: Reminds supervisors to share details through proper channels so all workers stay informed
