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Chemical Name: 2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) Dihydrochloride
Synonyms: AAPH, ABAP, Azamidine
CAS Number: 2997-92-4
Appearance: White crystalline solid
Odor: Odorless
Primary Uses: Often found in research labs as a free radical initiator, especially valued in biochemistry when looking to induce oxidative stress in controlled environments.
Main Hazards: Classified as hazardous by most chemical safety standards. The most pronounced danger arises from inhalation or contact with skin or eyes. Once in the body, it can disrupt cellular function, leading to tissue irritation or more serious health issues if repeated exposure happens. Some studies note potential for respiratory distress when dust levels are high.
Signal Words: Warning
GHS Classification: Acute toxicity (Oral Category 4), Eye irritation, Skin irritation
Hazard Statements: Harmful if swallowed, causes serious eye irritation, causes skin irritation
Pictograms: Exclamation mark often seen on containers.
Primary Ingredient: 2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) Dihydrochloride
Purity: Usually supplied as 97% or higher
Impurities: Trace impurities possible; not typically disclosed unless significant for lab procedures.
Inhalation: Remove source of exposure, move to fresh air. Seek medical attention if coughing, dizziness, or shortness of breath follow.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse skin with soap and water for several minutes. Persistent irritation or unusual symptoms warrant professional care.
Eye Contact: Rinse gently with water for no less than fifteen minutes, lifting eyelids to flush thoroughly. Immediate medical assessment is best if pain, redness, or blurred vision remain.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water. Do not induce vomiting unless directed by a healthcare provider. Seek medical help for discomfort, especially nausea.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide
Fire Hazards: Decomposes under fire conditions, which can release toxic gases such as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. Dust clouds can ignite or explode under certain conditions.
Protective Equipment: Full protective gear plus self-contained breathing apparatus stand as best practice.
Special Precautions: Avoid breathing combustion products, evacuate personnel.
Personal Precautions: Wear chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, long sleeves, and an N95 mask if dust generation is expected.
Environmental Precautions: Keep product from entering drains or waterways. Clean spills quickly but avoid sweeping or creating dust clouds. Wet methods like damp cloths help reduce airborne risk.
Cleanup Methods: Scoop solid material in a chemically safe manner; dispose using hazardous waste containers.
Safe Handling: Work in well-ventilated spaces, preferably with fume hoods. Avoid breathing dust and contact with skin or eyes. Never eat, drink, or smoke in areas where the chemical is handled.
Storage Requirements: Store in tightly closed, non-reactive containers away from sunlight, strong acids or bases, and oxidizers. Low humidity and ambient temperatures work best to prevent decomposition.
Incompatibilities: Avoid storing near strong reducing agents and combustible materials.
Engineering Controls: Use fume hoods, local exhaust systems, and laboratory-specific ventilation.
Personal Protective Equipment: Nitrile or comparable chemical-resistant gloves, lab coats, safety goggles with side shields, and, for larger quantities, full-face protection.
Exposure Limits: No established occupational exposure limits exist for this compound, yet taking a cautious approach suits best practice.
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands thoroughly after handling, remove any contaminated clothing before leaving the work area.
Form: Crystalline powder
Color: White
Odor: None
Melting Point: Decomposes above 155°C
Solubility: Water-soluble, easily dispersed in aqueous solutions
Vapor Pressure: Negligible under laboratory conditions
Density: Not widely published; generally considered similar to other organic salts in its class.
pH (1% solution): Acidic range, typically measured between 4–6.
Stability: Stable under standard laboratory conditions if kept dry and sealed.
Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizers, acids, and reducing agents.
Decomposition Products: Nitrogen-containing gases, carbon oxides—fumes hazardous to breathe.
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, sparks, open flames, moisture, direct sunlight.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion
Acute Effects: Possible headaches, irritation of respiratory tract, skin and eyes. Extended exposure raises risk of more severe outcomes such as chemical burns or allergic reactions.
Chronic Effects: Limited public research on long-term toxicity; most sources recommend minimizing any repeat exposure. Laboratory animal tests suggest low to moderate oral and dermal toxicity.
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as a known or probable carcinogen by national or international agencies.
Aquatic Toxicity: Data scattered, but some evidence suggests possible toxic effects to small aquatic organisms from run-off.
Persistence and Degradability: Hydrolyzes slowly, not classified as highly persistent.
Bioaccumulation: Unlikely to build up in animal tissue due to water solubility but recommended to control laboratory discharges.
Recommendations: Always prevent entry into drains, local waterways, or groundwater, especially in regions with sensitive aquatic environments.
Waste Disposal: Collect waste in labeled, sealed containers. Send to licensed hazardous chemical disposal sites, never dump into public sewers or regular trash. Follow all local, state, and national disposal regulations, even in settings that generate only small amounts.
Cleanup Residues: Wipe down contaminated work surfaces with damp, disposable cloths and dispose of these as chemical waste as well.
UN Number: Not widely regulated for ground transport in research-scale quantities, though always document contents clearly for shipping.
Shipping Name: Laboratory chemicals, n.o.s.
Hazard Class: General chemical hazard
Packing Group: Not specifically assigned without bulk shipment.
Precautions: Keep containers upright, well-sealed, and insulated from heat.
Chemical Inventory Status: Registered in major chemical inventories such as TSCA, REACH, and EINECS, reflecting common use in regulated lab settings.
Safety Regulations: Subject to OSHA laboratory standards, worker protections under standard chemical hygiene plans.
Environmental Rules: Spills, storage, and disposal procedures governed by regional chemical safety and environmental agencies.
Labeling Requirements: Clear hazard communication including pictograms and signal words is necessary on original containers as part of lab compliance.
