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Chemical name: 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
Synonyms: Isooctane
CAS number: 540-84-1
Recommended uses: Laboratory solvent, blending component for gasoline, calibration fluid
Supplier details: Reliable manufacturers and distributors in the chemical industry hold relevant contact information on product packaging and access portals
Emergency contact number: Provided by supplier; check the product label or safety portal for each delivery
Classification: Flammable liquid (Category 2), Aspiration hazard (Category 1), Eye irritation (Category 2B), Specific target organ toxicity – single exposure (Category 3)
Label elements: Signal word: Danger
Hazard statements: Highly flammable liquid and vapor, may cause drowsiness or dizziness, may be fatal if swallowed and enters airways, causes eye irritation
Pictograms: Flame, exclamation mark, health hazard
Precautionary statements: Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames, and hot surfaces; avoid breathing vapors; use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area; wear protective equipment as outlined; in case of fire, use appropriate extinguishing materials
Chemical identity: 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (Isooctane)
Concentration: Greater than 99% for analytical and industrial products
CAS #: 540-84-1
Impurities: Minor methylpentanes, trace alkanes, which do not substantially alter hazard profile
Inhalation: Remove individual to fresh air; ensure breathing; provide oxygen or artificial respiration if necessary
Skin contact: Wash immediately with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical advice if irritation persists
Eye contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present and continue rinsing; seek medical attention for persistent discomfort
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; get immediate medical help, as aspiration presents the greatest risk
Suitable extinguishing media: Dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, foam; never use direct water stream as it may spread the fire
Specific hazards: Extremely flammable vapors may form explosive mixtures with air; vapors travel far from source and may flash back; combustion may release toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
Protective equipment: Full firefighting suit and self-contained breathing apparatus
Special precautions: Cool exposed containers with water spray; remove personnel from hazardous area; prevent runoff into drains or water supplies
Personal precautions: Evacuate area; eliminate all ignition sources; ventilate area
Protective equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, flame-resistant clothing, suitable respiratory protection
Environmental precautions: Prevent entry into sewers, waterways, and soil
Cleanup methods: Contain spill with inert absorbents such as sand or vermiculite; collect and place in appropriate chemical waste containers; dispose in accordance with regulatory requirements
Handling precautions: Keep containers tightly closed; use non-sparking tools; ground and bond containers during transfer; avoid inhaling vapors or allowing skin contact
Storage: Store in cool, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, open flames; keep only in approved, properly labeled containers
Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizers, acids, halogens, nitrates
Conditions to avoid: Direct sunlight, static electricity, all ignition sources
Occupational exposure limits: OSHA PEL: 500 ppm (1900 mg/m³); ACGIH TLV: 300 ppm
Engineering controls: Use explosion-proof ventilation if handling large quantities; maintain local exhaust at points of emission
Personal protective equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene), safety goggles, flame-retardant coveralls, approved respirators for vapor/mist exposure above limits
Hygiene measures: Wash thoroughly after handling; do not eat, drink, or smoke in work areas; remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Mild, gasoline-like
Odor threshold: 0.25 ppm (approximate)
pH: Not applicable
Melting point: -107.4°C
Boiling point: 99.3°C
Flash point: -12°C (closed cup)
Evaporation rate: 4.8 (n-Butyl acetate=1)
Flammability: Highly flammable liquid and vapor
Vapor pressure: 42 mmHg @ 20°C
Vapor density: 3.5 (Air=1)
Solubility: Insoluble in water; miscible with most organic solvents
Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): log Pow ~ 4.0
Autoignition temperature: 415°C
Decomposition temperature: Not determined
Viscosity: 0.69 cP @ 20°C
Stability: Stable under recommended handling and storage
Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizing agents, acids, halogens
Hazardous reactions: May form peroxides on prolonged contact with air
Decomposition products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, incomplete combustion products
Polymerization: Generally will not occur under normal industrial conditions
Acute toxicity: LD50 (oral/rat): >5000 mg/kg; LD50 (dermal/rabbit): >2000 mg/kg; LC50 (inhalation/rat): >44700 mg/m³ (4hr)
Skin corrosion/irritation: Mild transient irritation
Serious eye damage/irritation: May cause slight irritation
Respiratory or skin sensitization: Not classified as a sensitizer
Germ cell mutagenicity: No evidence of mutagenicity from animal studies
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as a carcinogen by IARC, NTP, or OSHA
Reproductive toxicity: No known effects based on available data
Specific target organ toxicity – single exposure: May cause drowsiness or dizziness
Aspiration hazard: Can be fatal if aspirated into lungs during ingestion or vomiting
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms; may cause long-term adverse effects in aquatic environments
Persistence and degradability: Moderately persistent; undergoes aerobic degradation in the environment
Bioaccumulative potential: May accumulate in aquatic organisms based on partition coefficient
Mobility in soil: Low water solubility limits movement through soil; expected to volatilize from water/soil surfaces
Other adverse effects: No significant ozone depletion or photochemical ozone creation potential noted in environmental fate studies for gasoline components
Waste disposal methods: Handle as hazardous waste; incinerate at an approved facility or send to licensed chemical waste processor
Container disposal: Triple rinse and puncture empty containers; consult local regulations
Precautions: Do not discharge into sewers or waterways; follow all hazardous substance transport and disposal laws specific to geography and jurisdiction
UN number: 1262
UN proper shipping name: Isooctane
Transport hazard class: 3 (flammable liquid)
Packing group: II
Labels required: Flammable liquid (red diamond)
Special precautions for transport: Ship in approved containers; segregate from incompatible materials; use spill containment measures during transit
US regulations: Listed on TSCA inventory; SARA 311/312 hazard categories: Fire hazard, acute health hazard; no specific thresholds for SARA 313 reporting
EU regulations: Registered under REACH; classified per CLP guidelines
International guidelines: Covered by IATA, IMDG for air and sea transport; included in chemical inventories for Canada (DSL/NDSL), Australia (AICS), Japan (ENCS), Korea (ECL), Philippines (PICCS), China (IECSC)
Other regulatory notes: Workplaces require hazard training and written safety programs for flammable materials containing 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
