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Chemical name: 1-Pentanol
Synonyms: n-Amyl alcohol, pentan-1-ol
Chemical formula: C5H12O
Physical state: Clear colorless liquid with a mild alcoholic odor
Uses: Commonly used as a solvent in laboratories, flavoring agent, and intermediate in organic synthesis
Odor threshold: Recognizable at low concentrations, distinct alcohol-like smell
GHS classification: Flammable liquids (Category 3), Acute toxicity (oral, Category 4), Eye irritation (Category 2A), Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure (Category 3, narcotic effects)
Main hazards: Irritates eyes and skin; inhaling high concentrations can cause dizziness, drowsiness, and headaches; absorbs through the skin; harmful by ingestion; moderate fire hazard due to low flash point
Signal word: Warning
Hazard statements: Flammable; may cause eye irritation; may cause drowsiness or dizziness when inhaled
Pictograms: Flame, exclamation mark (for irritation and narcotic effects)
Ingredient: 1-Pentanol
CAS number: 71-41-0
Concentration: Typically close to 100% in laboratory and industrial use, with impurities usually below 1%
Inhalation: Move affected person to fresh air immediately; monitor breathing and provide oxygen if symptoms like dizziness or nausea occur
Skin contact: Rinse thoroughly with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical attention for persistent irritation
Eye contact: Rinse cautiously with water, holding eyelids open for 15 minutes or longer; get immediate medical help if irritation remains
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek prompt medical attention, as central nervous system effects and irritation to digestive system may happen
Suitable extinguishing media: Use carbon dioxide, dry chemical powder, alcohol-resistant foam; avoid using water jets directly on the liquid
Fire hazards: Vapors can form explosive mixtures with air, flash point around 43°C; containers may rupture from pressure buildup during heating
Protective actions: Use self-contained breathing apparatus and protective gear; stay upwind, and cool exposed containers with water spray
Hazardous combustion products: Produces carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide when burning
Personal precautions: Wear protective gloves, goggles, and suitable clothing; remove ignition sources and ventilate area
Environmental precautions: Prevent entry into drains and groundwater; can cause contamination to water sources
Methods for containment: Absorb spill with inert material such as sand or vermiculite; scoop up and place into a suitable container for disposal
Handling: Use only in well-ventilated areas; avoid breathing vapor, skin, or eye contact; ground or bond containers to prevent static discharge
Storage: Store in tightly closed containers, in cool, dry, well-ventilated spaces; keep away from heat, flames, and incompatible materials like strong oxidizers
Engineering controls: Use adequate local exhaust ventilation to keep vapor concentrations low
Personal protective equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves; safety goggles or face shield; flame-retardant lab coat or apron; appropriate respiratory protection in case of insufficient ventilation
Exposure limits: Occupational exposure limits like OSHA and ACGIH’s TLV typically set for alcohols apply; monitor for symptoms like headache or irritation as real-world exposures rarely match ideal conditions
Appearance: Clear colorless liquid
Odor: Alcohol-like
Boiling point: Around 137°C
Melting point: About -78°C
Flash point: Approximately 43°C
Solubility: Moderately soluble in water, miscible with organic solvents
Vapor pressure: Low at room temperature
Density: About 0.81 g/cm³
Chemical stability: Stable under normal handling and storage; can oxidize slowly in air over time
Hazardous reactions: Reacts with strong oxidizers, acids, or bases; may form peroxides with prolonged air exposure
Decomposition products: Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide may form in fire or during decomposition
Acute effects: Inhalation causes central nervous system depression, drowsiness, and headaches; ingestion irritates gastrointestinal tract and can depress breathing
Skin contact: Prolonged or repeated contact leads to dryness, redness, and possible burns
Eye contact: Causes pain and redness, possible temporary visual disturbance
Long-term effects: Data limited, but large doses over time risk liver and kidney effects typical of other alcohols
LD50 (oral/rat): About 1.87 g/kg
Aquatic toxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms in significant spills; moderately biodegradable in environmental conditions
Mobility: Spills can contaminate soil and groundwater if not contained
Bioaccumulation: Low potential due to volatility and metabolic breakdown
Waste treatment methods: Incinerate under controlled conditions or dispose at licensed chemical waste centers; do not pour down drains due to fire and contamination risk
Packaging: Containers and contaminated materials require special handling; follow regional rules for hazardous waste
UN number: 1105
Proper shipping name: Pentanols, n.o.s.
Hazard class: 3 (Flammable liquids)
Packing group: III
Transport considerations: Label containers properly; take action to avoid leakage, breakage, or contact with ignition sources while in transit
Chemical inventories: Appears on inventories such as TSCA and EINECS
Classification: Subject to labeling and safety rules for flammable and irritant chemicals
Worker safety: Employer training and clear communication of risks stay critical; oversight improves compliance with mandated protection measures
