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Name: 1-Chloronaphthalene
Chemical Formula: C10H7Cl
Synonyms: α-Chloronaphthalene
Appearance: Oily, pale yellow to colorless liquid
Odor: Characteristic aromatic smell
Uses: Used in research settings, often as an intermediate in organic synthesis, and sometimes as a solvent for certain chemical processes
Key Hazards: Flammable, harmful if inhaled or ingested, irritant to skin and eyes
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion
Acute Effects: Shortness of breath, dizziness, throat irritation, nausea, headache following significant inhalation
Chronic Effects: Concerns about potential kidney and liver impact, risk for CNS depression has been discussed in literature, evidence of environmental persistence
Signal Word: Warning
Pictograms: Exclamation mark, health hazard
Component: 1-Chloronaphthalene
Concentration: Typically pure in laboratory containers
CAS Number: 90-13-1
Impurities: Small traces of other chlorinated naphthalenes or unreacted naphthalene may appear, depending on source purity
Inhalation: Move individual to fresh air. Seek medical help if breathing becomes difficult. Symptoms might present with tightness in chest or dizziness.
Skin Contact: Wash exposed area under running water. Remove contaminated clothing. Control for irritation or rash. Seek medical advice for persistent effects.
Eye Contact: Flush with water for an extended period. Visual disturbance or redness calls for a doctor’s visit.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. If person is conscious, rinse mouth with water. Immediate hospital attention recommended for large amounts
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Carbon dioxide, dry chemical powder, foam
Fire Hazards: Produces toxic fumes under fire, especially hydrogen chloride and possibly phosgene if exposed to strong heat
Firefighting Advice: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus, keep combustibles away, and cool containers with water spray
Explosion Risk: Vapor mixed with air under certain conditions can cause flash fire
Personal Protection: Equip gloves, splash goggles, and mask
Containment: Ventilate space. Dike with inert absorbent like sand or vermiculite
Cleanup: Scooping or absorbing up spills, placing in sealed containers, keeping away from drains and environmental runoff
Handling: Keep bottles tightly closed, away from heat sources, operate only in well-ventilated spaces. Use tools and procedures to reduce splashing and related exposure
Storage: Place containers in cool, dry, well-ventilated storage areas. Separate from acids, strong bases, and oxidizers.
Precautions: Regular inspection of containers. Proper labelling to avoid accidental misuse
Workplace Controls: Chemical fume hoods or local exhaust extraction systems provide best defense for airborne vapor
Personal Protection: Chemical-resistant gloves, goggles with side shields, lab coats. In conditions of potential vapor buildup, half-mask respirators with appropriate cartridges.
Hygiene: No eating, drinking, or smoking in chemical use zones. Clean hands thoroughly before leaving lab
Physical State: Liquid
Color: Ranges pale yellow to clear
Odor: Aromatic hydrocarbon smell
Boiling Point: Roughly 260°C
Melting Point: About -10°C
Density: Close to 1.18 g/cm3
Solubility: Not very soluble in water, mixes readily with organic solvents
Vapor Pressure: Low to moderate in comparison with other naphthalenes
Flash Point: 110°C (closed cup)
Chemical Stability: Remains fairly stable under ordinary lab use, decomposes above 300°C
Reactivity: May react with strong oxidizers and bases, potential to form hazardous byproducts with strong acids or under UV light
Decomposition Products: HCl fumes and potentially phosgene alongside CO/CO2
Routes of Entry: Absorption from skin, ingestion, and primarily via inhalation
Acute Toxicity: Animal studies show moderate toxicity. Possible symptoms include headache, confusion, muscle incoordination, respiratory discomfort
Chronic Exposure: Central nervous system effects in long-term animal studies. Suspicions of liver and kidney impact after repeated doses
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic by major international agencies, but data remains limited
Persistence: Tends to linger in sediment and water due to limited biodegradation
Aquatic Toxicity: Demonstrates moderate toxicity to fish and invertebrates in laboratory toxicity screens
Bioaccumulation: Can build up in aquatic life, showing a risk for moving through food chains
Mobility: Easily binds to soil or organic matter, reduces direct leaching risk but increases sediment accumulation
Waste Disposal: Chemical disposal at licensed incinerators or hazardous waste landfills. Dumping down the drain or on open ground poses severe environmental danger.
Container Disposal: Rinse empty bottles before recycling where allowed, or manage containers as chemical waste if soiled
Labeling: Marked as flammable liquid for international transport armies
Packing: Use leakproof, sealed containers designed to withstand rough movement. Always store upright and secure containers during transport
Incompatibilities in Transport: Keep away from acids, strong oxidizers, and open flames during shipping
Occupational Safety: Recognized as a controlled chemical in most regions, with limits set on workplace air concentrations
Environmental Laws: Restrictions in place for bulk discharge, waste disposal, and storage due to aquatic and sediment persistence
Transport Regulation: Follows global protocols linked to hazardous chemicals, covering shipping labels, documentation, and emergency response practices
