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Chemical Name: 1,4-Dimethylpiperazine
Chemical Formula: C6H14N2
Molecular Weight: 114.19 g/mol
Synonyms: N,N'-Dimethylpiperazine
Physical Form: Clear to yellowish liquid
Odor: Amine-like, sharp
Common Use: Intermediate in organic synthesis, resin production
GHS Classification: Flammable liquid, Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), Skin and eye irritant
Hazard Statements: Flammable liquid and vapor. Harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through skin. Causes skin and eye irritation.
Signal Word: Danger
Pictograms: Flame, exclamation mark, health hazard
Potential Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, eye contact
Acute Effects: Respiratory tract irritation, headache, dizziness, skin redness, eye watering
Chronic Effects: Prolonged exposure can impact liver, kidneys, and central nervous system if not managed well.
Substance: 1,4-Dimethylpiperazine
Concentration: Pure chemical, typically above 95% in industrial settings
Impurities: Trace amines and related piperazine derivatives, rarely above 1%
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air, keep at rest, seek medical attention if breathing becomes difficult or symptoms persist.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse skin thoroughly with plenty of water and soap, medical attention recommended for irritation.
Eye Contact: Flush eyes gently with warm water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids to ensure thorough irrigation.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water, try to keep person calm, do not induce vomiting, get medical help immediately.
Note to Responders: Use appropriate PPE, keep airways open, and provide oxygen if there are signs of respiratory discomfort.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide.
Unsuitable Media: Straight water streams, which may spread the product.
Special Hazards: Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Flames can flash back along vapor trail.
Protective Equipment: Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing.
Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.
Precautions: Evacuate area, cool containers with water spray even after fire is out.
Personal Precautions: Wear solvent-resistant gloves, safety goggles, chemical-resistant clothing, and respiratory protection in poorly ventilated settings.
Environmental Precautions: Block any ways of entering drains, sewers, or natural water sources, ventilate area.
Spill Containment: Use inert absorbent material like vermiculite or sand, collect spill safely in sealed containers.
Cleanup Methods: Mop up spill areas with care, avoid using water directly, dispose of soiled materials under local hazardous waste laws.
Handling: Handle in well-ventilated spaces, avoid inhalation or direct contact with liquid, open containers slowly to control vapor release, do not eat, drink, or smoke in work area.
Storage: Store in tightly closed containers made of compatible material, away from heat and ignition sources, segregate from strong oxidizers and acids, keep in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place.
Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizing agents, concentrated acids, sources of ignition.
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation at points of vapor generation, maintain negative pressure in work area.
Personal Protective Equipment: Wear chemical-resistant gloves (such as nitrile), safety goggles with side shields, lab coats, and, in scenarios with likely vapor exposure, use a NIOSH-approved respirator.
Workplace Limits: Country-specific limits may not be established, but minimize exposure by following prudent practices.
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and forearms thoroughly after handling, remove contaminated clothing before breaks or leaving work.
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Characteristic, amine-like
Boiling Point: Approaches 138-140°C
Melting Point: Below room temperature
Water Solubility: Miscible
Vapor Pressure: Higher at elevated temperatures, roughly estimated for similar amines
Density: Around 0.86 g/cm³
pH: Basic, typical for amines
Chemical Stability: Remains stable under standard storage and use, but rapid degradation occurs when exposed to strong oxidizers.
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, open flames, static electricity, direct sunlight.
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, oxidizing agents, acid chlorides.
Hazardous Decomposition: Risk increases if heated to decomposition; fires produce hazardous nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons.
Acute Toxicity: Ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption leads to central nervous system effects, nausea, vomiting, headaches, somnolence.
Local Effects: Skin and eye irritation, redness, watering, burns in severe exposures.
Chronic Exposure: Long-term, low-level exposure tied to possible liver, kidney, or nervous system damage.
Sensitization: Limited evidence suggests rare allergic response, generally not a high sensitizer.
Aspiration Hazard: Poses risk if inhaled as aerosol or mist in confined or unventilated spaces.
Aquatic Toxicity: Can harm aquatic life, particularly if spills reach waterways.
Persistence and Degradability: Moderately biodegradable, but may persist long enough to cause toxicity in bodies of water.
Bioaccumulation Potential: Generally low for amines of this size.
Mobility: High in water due to solubility, risk of groundwater contamination if released.
Waste Treatment: Must be collected as hazardous chemical waste, passed to a licensed chemical disposal contractor.
Disposal Methods: Incineration under controlled conditions preferred, avoid drain or landfill disposal.
Container Recycling: Decontaminate containers thoroughly if reuse allowed under regulation, otherwise treat as hazardous waste.
UN Number: Corresponds to flammable amines, subject to review in transport guidelines.
Transport Hazard Class: Flammable liquid, strict labeling needed during movement.
Packing Group: Regulations vary depending on transport volume and packaging.
Special Transport Measures: Keep containers upright, tightly sealed, away from incompatible materials, ensure vehicle ventilation.
GHS Compliance: Covered under global harmonization coding for flammable liquids, skin and eye irritants.
Workplace Chemical Controls: Covered by OSHA or region-specific labor and chemical safety frameworks.
Environmental Regulations: Disposal and emissions regulated under hazardous waste guidelines, often locally defined.
Worker Right-to-Know: Employees must receive training and access to safety information, hazard labeling, and protective equipment under safety laws.
