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Chemical Name: 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone CAS Number: 80-73-9 Common Synonyms: DMI, Dimethylethylenurea Intended Use: Industry employs DMI as a polar aprotic solvent, making it a staple in pharmaceuticals, plastics, agrochemicals, and advanced laboratory synthesis. Chemists lean on it for dissolving both organic and inorganic compounds, especially where polar yet stable solvents give better outcomes in catalysis and formulation.
Hazard Class: Eye, skin, and respiratory irritant GHS Classification: Eye irritation, Category 2; Skin irritation, Category 2 Hazard Statements: Contact can cause moderate irritation to skin and eyes. Vapors or aerosol can affect the respiratory tract, particularly in poorly ventilated spaces. Overexposure may induce symptoms like headache, dizziness, or nausea. Pictograms: Exclamation mark reflecting acute toxicity and irritant risks. Precautionary Statements: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing in vapors or direct skin contact. Work should only occur in well-ventilated spaces, with immediate action required if someone feels unwell.
Component: 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone Purity: Usually above 99% in commercial supply Impurities: Trace moisture or higher molecular weight imidazolidinone derivatives may sometimes exist but rarely affect safety profiles in a well-maintained facility.
Inhalation: Move to fresh air as priority; if symptoms persist, seek medical evaluation promptly. Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and wash skin with soap and plenty of water. For persistent redness, consult a healthcare professional. Eye Contact: Rinse carefully with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Seek medical advice if irritations don’t resolve quickly. Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water. Don’t induce vomiting. Medical advice should be sought for any large accidental ingestion, especially if nausea or drowsiness occurs.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide can extinguish burning DMI or involved materials. Hazardous Combustion Products: Burning can release nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and irritating fumes. Protective Gear: Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear. Special Considerations: Runoff from fire control may be contaminated and needs containment.
Personal Precautions: Wear protective gloves, goggles, and impervious clothing to avoid contact. Environmental Precautions: Avoid letting material reach drains, sewers, or open water. Large spills require containment with inert absorbents like sand or earth. Cleanup Methods: Collect using shovels or similar tools into sealable containers for proper disposal. Ventilate area thoroughly to prevent accumulation of vapors.
Safe Handling: Use only with proper local exhaust. Avoid splashing or aerosol generation. Steer clear of contact with skin, eyes, or clothing. Always wash hands after use and before eating or drinking. Storage Requirements: Store in tightly sealed containers in cool, dry, well-ventilated spaces, away from incompatible substances like strong oxidizers or acids. Protect from direct heat or sunlight to limit degradation.
Engineering Controls: Fume hoods, glove boxes, or local extraction systems offer key safeguards in regular industrial or research handling. Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and lab coats should be standard gear. Respiratory protection is essential where local ventilation cannot keep airborne concentrations low. Exposure Limits: No established OSHA, ACGIH, or NIOSH exposure standards; prudent practice keeps exposures as low as technically achievable.
Form: Clear colorless liquid Odor: Slightly amine-like Boiling Point: Around 225°C Melting Point: Near 8°C Solubility: Fully water soluble; miscible with many organic solvents Vapor Pressure: Low at room temperature Density: About 1.03 g/cm³ pH: Neutral in water solutions Flash Point: Above 110°C (closed cup)
Chemical Stability: DMI stands up well in normal storage and operating conditions. Reactivity Profile: Can react exothermically with strong oxidizers or acids. Incremental heat or light exposure could trigger slow decomposition, especially around metal surfaces or strong alkalis, so store carefully and keep basic and oxidizing substances separate.
Acute Health Hazards: Inhalation, skin, or eye exposure can cause moderate irritation, but toxicity relies greatly on exposure length and concentration. Short, accidental exposures seldom cause lasting harm if addressed quickly by washing or moving to fresh air. Chronic Effects: Data on long-term exposure remains limited, but repeated unprotected contact could increase the risk of dermatitis or potential systemic toxicity. Notable Studies: Animal studies have not shown significant carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or reproductive toxicity at low doses, but prudent avoidance remains best practice.
Biodegradability: Moderately biodegradable over time; microbial action breaks down DMI in typical wastewater treatment, but persistent discharge can challenge aquatic systems. Aquatic Toxicity: Short-term toxic effects on aquatic organisms remain rare at low concentrations, though chronic or repeated releases into waterways can result in harmful buildup. Bioaccumulation: Tends to stay soluble, with little evidence for major buildup in living organisms or sediments. Responsible containment cuts risk to local aquatic environments and groundwater.
Disposal Methods: The best practice involves incineration at a licensed chemical disposal facility. Local regulations might require pretreatment before release to municipal systems. Container Handling: Empty packaging, if not decontaminated, should follow hazardous waste procedures. Never reuse containers without thorough cleaning, as solvent residues present obvious hazards.
UN Number: None assigned for DMI itself due to its comparatively mild hazard profile. Transport Hazards: Not classified as dangerous under most international regulations. Still, keep containers sealed and upright, and avoid shipment with incompatible chemicals or in high-heat conditions. Shipping Precautions: Always secure drums or bottles against leakage; label clearly to reflect the mild irritant properties.
Workplace Controls: DMI generally lacks specific workplace exposure limits in the United States or European Union, but peer-reviewed literature supports routine gloves, goggles, and fume hoods. Environmental Regulations: Though not considered a major hazard under REACH or US EPA frameworks, significant spills or disposal into waterways can trigger reporting requirements due to cumulative toxicity concerns. Waste must always follow local environmental restrictions to avoid improper disposal. Labeling: Require hazard pictograms and precaution statements as per GHS rules wherever used outside closed processing systems.
