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Name: 1,3-Dihydroxynaphthalene
Chemical Formula: C10H8O2
Synonyms: 1,3-Naphthalenediol
Appearance: This crystalline powder looks dark brown and has almost no smell, a bit like other naphthalene derivatives most lab folks have met.
Common Uses: Research labs pull it out for making dyes and a few different organic syntheses. You won’t find it in everyday products; it stays in the research or specialty chemical world.
Acute Hazards: 1,3-Dihydroxynaphthalene can be irritating. Skin and eyes need protection from contact. Getting it in the eyes can cause redness or pain, while inhaling powders could prompt coughing or even a scratchy throat. Some sources note naphthalenediols have caused allergic skin reactions in sensitive folks. In rare cases, there’s a risk of deeper respiratory or skin irritation over time if you get exposed often enough.
Chronic Hazards: Over long periods, handling of many related naphthalene chemicals has raised concerns about possible liver and kidney effects, but trusted sources like the ECHA don’t flag 1,3-dihydroxynaphthalene with any cancer warnings or strong chronic hazard classifications.
Signal Word: No hard signal word has been demanded in the literature, but I always treat unfamiliar aromatic organics with caution—these compounds have a sneaky way of hiding risks.
Chemical Name: 1,3-Dihydroxynaphthalene
PURITY: Most lab-grade bottles advertise above 98 percent purity, meaning side components are trace only.
CAS Number: 92-44-4
Hazardous Impurities: There’s no strong evidence of notable impurities from usual suppliers, but working with any aromatic powder means thinking defensively about dusting and fine particles.
Inhalation: Move to fresh air right away. If coughing or throat burning continues, get medical help. Using a dust mask in closed spaces can really help cut that risk.
Skin Contact: Wash with soap and lots of running water. Take off clothes with powder stuck to them. If irritation keeps going, seeking out a doctor makes sense.
Eye Contact: Use water for at least a quarter of an hour, keeping eyes open. If grit or sting hangs on, or eyesight gets blurry, a doctor visit takes priority.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth if someone swallows the powder by mistake. Do not make anyone throw up; get a professional eye on things instead.
Sensitivity: Powder can burn, though not violently. In a fire, it could put out nasty smoke varying with the heat and what else is burning.
Extinguishing Media: Use the usual—carbon dioxide, dry powder or foam works best. Avoid strong water jets as they can scatter powder.
Fire Hazards: Decomposition spills out carbon oxides and may produce phenolic fumes. Fighting a fire involving aromatic organics is safest behind a self-contained breathing set and with splashproof gear.
Special Notes: The fine powder might drift into hidden corners, feeding a smoldering fire. Lab benches love to hold onto spills in the tiniest cracks.
Personal Protection: Gloves, goggles, and a fitted mask go on right away. Powder makes cleanup harder than liquids, blowing onto unwanted surfaces.
Spill Cleanup: Scoop up with care—wet down dust if possible to cut down on airborne particles. Use absorbent material for small volumes.
Disposal: Bag residues and label before sending for a professional waste pickup. Aromatic compounds don’t belong mixed with the standard trash.
Ventilation: Work in a fume hood or keep windows open if in a pinch. Air movement matters way more than most people realize with this sort of compound.
Handling: Gloves with cuffs, safety glasses, and lab coats aren’t optional in my book. Avoid actions that raise dust clouds—no shaking, tapping, or pouring from high up.
Storage: Keep tightly closed jars in a cool area away from bright light and oxidizers. Fume hoods or designated chemical cabinets make a real difference keeping odors and contamination at bay.
Other Considerations: Don’t eat or drink in areas where the material gets handled, no matter how clean it looks. Even trace amounts can transfer without realizing.
Engineering Controls: Fume hoods help contain powder movement. A lab with good room extraction beats one with none.
Eye Protection: Wraparound safety goggles
Gloves: Nitrile material stands up well to aromatic chemicals; latex fails with heavy use.
Respiratory Protection: Light work behind a fume hood, otherwise dust masks for bigger cleanups or if ventilation lags.
Skin and Clothing: Lab coats, closed-toe shoes, no bare arms. After work, wash up carefully before leaving.
Exposure Limits: No published regulatory exposure limit, but err on the side of caution; aromatic diols can’t be shrugged off.
Appearance: Dark brown (sometimes reddish) crystalline powder
Molecular Weight: About 160.17 g/mol
Melting Point: Sits near 202–205°C, which means most common lab heat sources won’t melt it accidentally.
Boiling Point: Data on boiling is limited because these compounds tend to decompose at high temperatures.
Solubility: It mixes with organic solvents like methanol and ethanol, but barely dissolves in plain water.
Odor: Nearly odorless, which tricks untrained noses—lack of smell doesn’t equal lack of risk when working with aromatic materials.
Stability: Stable under common storage and handling if kept away from excess heat and sunlight. Protecting the container from moisture guards against clumping or slow degradation.
Reactivity: Reacts vigorously with strong oxidizing agents. Avoid mixing with acids and bases—could give off heat or break down into unknown byproducts.
Possibility of Hazardous Reactions: Burning or overheating produces phenolic fumes and carbon oxides.
Materials to Avoid: Oxidizers, strong bases or acids. It’s not good practice to store it with things prone to fire or explosion.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin, and accidental ingestion
Acute Effects: Eye and skin irritation, upper airway discomfort if dust is breathed in, possible allergic reactions.
Long-Term Effects: Data is limited for this specific dihydroxy compound, but relatives like naphthalene have been linked with hemolytic anemia if misused over time. No major cancer linkage documented with this specific molecule.
Sensitization: Rare cases have flagged skin sensitization, so those with allergy histories should use extra care.
Other Data: No big surprises in animal studies, but not all long-term effects have been ruled out—always wise to treat with respect.
Aquatic Toxicity: Like many substituted aromatics, 1,3-dihydroxynaphthalene poses a risk if released into water. It breaks down slowly and can be toxic to aquatic organisms.
Persistence and Degradability: The rings resist breakdown in natural water, meaning the impact lingers if a lab or factory lets it slip into rivers or soil.
Potential for Bioaccumulation: Aromatic rings make their way up the food chain, so keeping even small spills in check is critical.
General Message: Every bit that escapes into municipal wastewater strains the ecosystem. Responsible disposal, not dilution, carries weight.
Recommended Disposal Method: As a hazardous organic chemical, 1,3-dihydroxynaphthalene should go to licensed hazardous waste handlers. Pouring down the drain or trashing in the regular bin makes trouble for everyone downstream.
Container Cleaning: Only trained pros should attempt to clean large-volume vessels, using solvent rinses collected as hazardous organics.
Regulatory Warnings: Mixing with general lab trash just spreads contamination onto otherwise clean workspaces and raises the cost of municipal waste filtering.
Waste Management: Waste should remain clearly labeled and segregated until pickup.
Shipping Name: Typically shipped in sealed containers as a laboratory chemical.
Hazard Class: Not generally assigned to a formal transport hazard class in the US or Europe, but packaging and clear labeling matter—in freight incidents, aromatic chemicals often draw extra scrutiny from fire and HAZMAT crews.
Packing Instructions: Thick, sealed containers with clear hazard marks; secondary packaging for leaks helps cut risk.
Registration: Registered with CAS, recognized by most chemical regulatory schemes, but not heavily restricted—beaten only by overly common solvents or infamous aromatics like naphthalene.
GHS Classification: Not assigned specific pictograms or classes for carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or reproductive toxicity as of the last major chem registry updates.
Worker Obligations: OSHA, EU REACH, and similar systems direct handlers to wear personal protection and set rules for storing and reporting workplace incidents with all aromatic chemicals.
Environmental Law: Any significant release into soil or water will draw action under clean water or hazardous waste acts—intentional or not, they don’t cut slack for accidental ignorance in modern regulatory systems.
