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Name: 1,2-Dinitroglycerin
CAS Number: 627-11-2
Appearance: Clear to pale-yellow oily liquid
Odor: Faint, sweet
Common Uses: Intermediate for explosives, research chemical
Synonyms: Propane-1,2-diyl dinitrate
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Molecular Formula: C3H6N2O6
Physical Hazards: Explosive properties pose a constant threat, even from minor shock, friction, or heat. The risk of accidental detonation can’t be separated from routine handling.
Health Hazards: Toxic on skin contact and inhalation—nausea, headache, hypotension, methemoglobinemia, convulsions, or worse in repeated exposure cases.
Environmental Hazards: Rapidly toxic to aquatic life, difficult to separate from water once released.
GHS Classification: Explosive, acute toxicant, long-term aquatic hazard.
Chemical Name: 1,2-Dinitroglycerin
Concentration: Over 95% pure for most laboratory samples
Impurities: Small amounts of related nitroglycerin isomers, traces of water and stabilizers can be present depending on source
Inhalation: Get out of the area quickly. Remove to fresh air, don’t ignore any dizziness or headaches. Oxygen helps if breathing becomes difficult.
Skin Contact: Wash right away with copious plenty of soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing. Fast response stops absorption and worse symptoms.
Eye Contact: Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical help without delay.
Ingestion: Don’t try to induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water only if person is awake. Seek immediate emergency medical assessment—absorption may lower blood pressure drastically.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, foam, or sand. Water spray cools surrounding equipment but can spread the material if not careful.
Specific Hazards: Heat, flames, and even static electricity can set off an explosion more easily than people think.
Special Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Use self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Evacuate surrounding area, don’t try heroics—once a fire starts, the risk of detonation surges.
Fire Response: Evacuate well beyond standard fire perimeters. Don’t bring firefighting teams into explosive atmospheres unless lives are at risk.
Personal Precautions: Keep untrained people away. Protective gear includes gloves, goggles, and chemical-resistant clothing. Remove all sources of ignition, no open flames or sparks.
Environmental Precautions: Block entry to drains and waterways. A small spill can have outsized impact on aquatic organisms.
Cleanup Methods: Pick up with non-sparking tools. Place in a secure, explosion-proof container for proper disposal. Never flush with water. Decontaminate area with soap or alkaline solution.
Handling: Always ground containers and transfer tools to prevent static buildup. Work with tiny quantities if at all possible. Work in a hood or with plenty of ventilation. Don’t breathe vapors or touch skin; double-up on gloves. No eating, drinking, or smoking in handling areas.
Storage: Keep in tightly sealed, chemically compatible containers. Store in a cool, dry, dedicated explosive magazine far from heat, light, and vibration. Limit access to trained, authorized personnel only. Lock up and log use carefully.
Engineering Controls: Work with 1,2-dinitroglycerin only in ventilated areas, ideally explosion-proof fume hoods. Monitor air quality with continuous sensors where possible.
Personal Protection: Chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, face shield, heavy lab coat, explosion-proof boots. Respiratory protection recommended if airborne concentrations can’t be kept low.
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and face after use, remove all contaminated clothing, don’t touch your eyes or mouth after handling.
Form: Oily liquid
Color: Pale yellow
Odor: Sweet, faint
Melting Point: Approx. 15-16 °C
Boiling Point: Decomposes below boiling
Vapor Pressure: Not measured due to decomposition
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, more so in organic solvents
Density: ~1.45 g/cm3
Chemical Stability: Unstable unless kept cold and away from light, vibration, and sparks.
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, bases, reducing agents, and metals can trigger violent reactions.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, toxic vapors.
Conditions to Avoid: Shock, heat, static discharge, friction—all can set off explosive decomposition.
Acute Effects: Skin absorption can drop blood pressure and induce severe headaches, nausea, dizziness, cyanosis.
Chronic Effects: Repeated exposure could affect cardiovascular system and cause ongoing nervous system problems.
Sensitization: Cases of hypersensitivity after repeated exposures are well documented.
LD50 (oral): Actual numbers are tough to pin down, but low doses have high impacts.
Routes of Exposure: Eye and skin contact, inhalation, occasional ingestion—all bring significant risks.
Ecotoxicity: Even tiny quantities can harm aquatic organisms for long periods. Contamination is hard to reverse and may disrupt habitats.
Persistence and Degradability: 1,2-dinitroglycerin lingers in sediments and soil. Breakdown is painfully slow without strong oxidation.
Bioaccumulation: Evidence suggests potential buildup in plant and animal tissue, with unknown risks up the food chain.
Waste Handling: Treat all waste as hazardous. Specialist teams only—never dump down the drain or with regular lab waste.
Disposal Methods: Use controlled chemical degradation or approved explosive waste processing facilities. Keep detailed disposal logs to avoid legal trouble and environmental harm.
Regulatory Expectations: Local and national laws govern explosive waste and must be followed strictly.
Transportation Classification: Considered a Class 1 explosive.
Packing: Shipped in tightly secured secondary containers, separated from all possible ignition sources.
Transport Precautions: Only transfer with full approvals and trained handlers—unplanned movement increases risks at every step.
Documentation: Precise quantity reporting and manifesting is essential for traceability.
Explosives Regulations: Most countries restrict handling, storage, and transfer under national explosives laws and chemical safety codes.
Workplace Regulations: Strict occupational exposure limits, mandatory PPE, regular training, and access controls stop most accidents.
Environmental Acts: Spillage and disposal rules require tracking and reporting, so there’s accountability if something goes wrong.
Labeling: Expect bold hazard warnings, including GHS pictograms and color-coded identifiers to reduce chance of misuse.
